Word: earthness
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Armstrong by a tiny FM transmitter. It was Armstrong's backpack equipment, however, that converted Aldrin's voice back to a standard AM frequency, combined it with his own signal and fed it into the lunar module, which converted it back into FM for transmission to the earth. The intricate AM-FM system linking the two astronauts was devised to save the weight of an extra receiver...
...electronic wizardry was all the more impressive because the same carrier that transmitted voice signals to earth was made to handle TV as well. Although voices went to Goldstone, NASA technicians found that another 210-ft. dish antenna in Parkes, Australia, provided the best reception for the TV signal. From Parkes the signal was relayed overland to Sydney, flashed to the Moree Earth Station 200 miles to the north, beamed up to the Intelsat communications satellite 22,300 miles above the Pacific Ocean, relayed to Jamesburg, Calif., passed by microwave ground signal and coaxial cable to Houston and finally transmitted...
Beyond Houston, the communications web stretches around the earth-and above it. Key parts of the network are the huge radiotelescope dishes at Goldstone, Calif., Madrid, Spain, and Canberra, Australia, 17 ground stations, four U.S. Navy ships scattered over the seas and eight communications planes-all receiving and transmitting vital bits of data throughout the mission. No one is more aware than the astronauts themselves of how impossible a flight would be without such support...
...Mars by the year 2000, and NASA already has on hand a plethora of ambitious projects that should keep it busy through 1985. Critics like Housing and Urban Development Secretary George Romney insist that it is time to slow down in space and "deal with problems on earth...
ASIDE from its value in terms of national prestige and scientific knowledge, the U.S. space effort has yielded some important-if not always immediately measurable -benefits on earth. The most obvious fallout has been economic. At its peak in 1966, Apollo employed 400,000 people, from Long Island to Seattle. The technological impact has been less conspicuous. But in scarcely more than a decade, research has produced hundreds of what NASA calls "space technology transfers" that apply everywhere from factory to surgical ward...