Word: eastern
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...seek the unity of the church, desired by so many souls all over the world." Said John XXIII: "We ardently desire their return to the house of the common Father . . . they will not enter a strange house but their own." Prime target among the "separated religious communities" is Eastern Orthodoxy. In Pope John's first public speech the day after his election, he went out of his way to beam benevolence toward the estimated 150 million communicants who are spiritual descendants of the church in Constantinople, which in the 4th century easily rivaled the authority of Rome and finally...
Unlike Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy has no single head but what has been described as "an oligarchy of patriarchs." There are five major patriarchates: Constantinople (Istanbul), Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem and Moscow, plus lesser patriarchs for the Serbs, Rumanians and Georgians. Most prestigious is the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, called "first among equals," whose present incumbent is Archbishop Athenagoras I, longtime friend of Pope John...
During his 20 years as a Vatican diplomat in Bulgaria and in Greece and Turkey, John is said to have grown optimistic about the possibilities of closer relations with the Eastern church...
...Among past councils were Nicaea (325), which formulated the first Nicene Creed; Constantinople (869), which was the beginning of the final schism between the Eastern and Western churches; Trent (1545-63), which condemned Martin Luther as a heretic and tightened up Catholic practice and doctrine...
...passenger deficit: $44 million) and that the only way to save commuter service is to have communities pay the losses. The Pennsy and Philadelphia are now trying such an experiment. Many western railroadmen disagree with Symes's plan for subsidy and equipment purchase, but admit that the eastern roads have so much more trouble than others that they may need such help. Says Symes : "We have every problem there is. You name...