Word: eca
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Among those here backing the devaluation is one of Harvard's newest economists. Arthur Smithies, professor of Economic since February when he came here direct from full-time work with the ECA. Smithies was director of the Fiscal and Trade Policy Division, and he still holds official ECA title as a consultant...
...right foundation in British policy is laid for offsetting certain dangers." Among the dangers the professor fears are (first) the possible upward spiral of British prices and wages and (second) poor management in the repayment of Britain's wartime sterling liabilities which might thus result in the funnelling up ECA aid through the British economy to outside recipients...
They were wrong, even though the first year of Marshall aid produced a fine and eminently visible job in Europe. ECA money built steel mills in France, brought running water to hill towns in Italy, put ports back in business with hundreds of new cranes, and supplied more than half the bread for a whole group of major western European nations. It helped jump France's production to a figure slightly higher than the big boom year of 1928. But the Marshall Plan failed, as many people thought it would, to cut into Europe's basic economic troubles...
...cannot produce as well and as efficiently as the U. S.; (2) As long as this technical backwardness continues, free trade between the continents is probably impossible. This is a reasonably short-run proposition; some day technological progress may put Europe very much back on its feet. But even ECA admits this day will...
...Marshall Plan should be kept working, however, for its political and humanitarian results are looking better and better. Standards of living have climbed in every country receiving U. S. aid. Unemployment has been falling. And ECA officials, who take a nice practical look at such things, balance high living standards and low unemployment against communism. There is very good evidence to back up the head of ECA's controller's office in Paris when he said "Marshall Plan-aid has reduced Communist pressure in every European country...