Word: economists
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Likewise, the election was an extension of the openness and public airing * spawned by Gorbachev's glasnost crusade. Of the reform trinity, glasnost has wrought the most tangible changes, especially for the Soviet intellectual community, Gorbachev's most solid base of support. Nowadays the only heresy is orthodoxy. Says economist Shmelev: "Four years ago, people felt themselves living behind barbed wire. Now we have a degree of freedom for intellectuals and for ordinary people that would have been unimaginable before...
...contract in which, as Soviets cynically joke, "they pretend to pay us, and we pretend to work." The probability, nevertheless, is that Gorbachev will become more, not less, impatient. "Shortages exist because we are moving too slowly, halting and stepping off the road too often," says Abel Aganbegyan, an economist who helped shape Gorbachev's ideas...
THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE edited by Yuri Afanasayev (Progress Publishers, 1988). The definitive, argument-provoking collection of essays by such high priests of perestroika as Andrei Sakharov, economist Tatyana Zaslavskaya and Novy Mir editor in chief Sergei Zalygin...
...million at the official Soviet conversion rate). Elektrosila has boosted its foreign sales from less than 15% of its production a few years ago to about one-fourth of its current output. "We are now the masters of our own castle," says Valentina Murinas, 50, the factory's chief economist. Elektrosila's new spirit of enterprise extends to its rank-and-file workers, who now receive pay raises based on the plant's profitability. Next year they may be able to buy shares in an employee stock-ownership plan...
...Elektrosila hopes for a substantial boost in exports to raise the foreign currency the plant needs to buy up-to-date Western machinery. At the moment the factory has only 7 million rubles ($11.2 million) in hard currency, and "one good machine tool costs about 2 million rubles," says economist Murinas...