Word: effective
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...convince his draft board not only that he is "conscientiously opposed to participation in war in any form," but also that he believes in a "Supreme Being." Many belong to the "peace churches," which sprang up after the Reformation and which, though their explanations are often more complex, in effect brook no compromise with the commandment "Thou shalt not kill." One faith, Jehovah's Witnesses, deems it a sin to have anything to do with conscription on grounds that each of its members is a minister and would be barred by national service from preaching; approximately 5,000 Witnesses...
...legislators themselves, who found their mandates canceled. Not until last year did Congress finally stand up to the President; in a rare show of unity, it refused to vote Castello Branco sweeping new powers-including the right to close down Congress. So Castello Branco simply put the rules into effect by decree, and for good measure dissolved Brazil's 13 political parties; in their place, he created a majority government party called ARENA and a mild opposition catchall called M.D.B. Early this month, in an indirect election by Congress, ARENA'S presidential candidate-ex-War Minister, Marshal Artur...
...registered his hot protest. "Only after consulting the directors of the House and the vote of the majority of the Deputies," Cardoso announced, "will I feel authorized to declare the extinction of the mandates." Congressional leaders promptly summoned Deputies back to Brasilia for a vote. Angrily, Castello Branco in effect ordered ARENA members to stay just where they were. "The cancellations are made and cannot be discussed by any power," he snapped emphatically. "They are being carried...
Thou shalt not exploit another person sexually. This, in effect, is the imperative that should determine the moral legitimacy of sexual intercourse, in marriage or out, says a report on "Sex and Morality" published last week by a committee of the British Council of Churches...
...aimed towards the limited objective of achieving negotiations. At the same time, however, American forces in Vietnam should not be restricted in pursuing the ground war. To do so would probably alienate support at home, and simultaneously encourage -- unrealistically -- the Viet Cong to anticipate further U.S. disengagement. The total effect would be a prolongation...