Word: effective
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Both major parties are being advised by American political consultants. To what effect...
...think it has that much effect. It'll certainly make for a lively campaign. What I see imported from the U.S., I'm sorry to say, is the tactic of the lowest personal attack, which I believe in the end the voters will reject...
...form of mental retardation, or biochemical errors, such as a reduced level of hex-A enzyme that brings on Tay-Sachs disease, a fatal metabolic disorder. Moreover, the results may be confused by so-called chromosome structural abnormalities--oddball configurations that may or may not have a genetically significant effect, thus exasperating couples who expect clear-cut answers from amniocentesis...
...everyone magically agrees that improving a child's memory is as valid as avoiding dyslexia, there will still be things taxpayers aren't ready to pay for--genes of unproven benefit, say, or alterations whose downsides may exceed the upside. (The tendency of genes to have more than one effect--pleiotropy-- seems to be the rule, not the exception.) The question will be which techniques are beyond the pale. The answers will change as knowledge advances, but the arguments will never...
...does the naked DNA, without viral assistance, penetrate the walls of the heart-muscle cells? "To be perfectly honest," Isner confesses, "no one really understands how it gets there." But unlike most other therapeutic genes, which must find their way into millions of cells to have a therapeutic effect, VEG-F needs to invade only relatively few. Its protein product, issuing from the cell, can act on untold numbers of surrounding, untreated cells. Quips Isner in a parody of the Marine Corps slogan, "All we're looking for are a few good cells...