Word: effective
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...racial impact of such disenfranchisement is startling. If current trends continue, the report predicts, "the rate of disenfranchisement for black men could reach 40 percent in the states that disenfranchise ex-offenders." Even temporary disenfranchisement can have a significant effect: Thirteen other states currently prevent more than a tenth of their black male population from voting...
...form of retribution: By violating the laws of the land, criminals are deprived of the right to make them. But as a punishment, disenfranchisement is both ineffective and gratuitously cruel. Unlike jail time, it does not prevent the offender from committing additional crimes, nor does it have much deterrent effect. Permanent disenfranchisement does not even serve the Old Testament call for an-eye-for-an-eye retribution; a system in which the murderer suffers the same penalty as the shoplifter cannot be just. If used at all, disenfranchisement should at least be restricted to time spent in prison, so that...
...irrational fear that once given access to the ballot box, ex-offenders will oppose all criminal laws and vote "the wrong way." Even more irrational is the fear that this disenfranchised 2 percent of the population will overpower the political will of the more trustworthy 98 percent. Although the effect of these laws on the voting power of minorities may be significant, as a whole their repeal would do little to sway elections. Massachusetts allows its felons to vote even while in prison and the Commonwealth has not yet dissolved into anarchy...
...year--Ohlsson gave four well-chosen encores, beginning with a sansculottes Revolutionary etude, and continuing with a glib. graceful Mazurka (Op. 30 No. 4), an ostentatiously fast and harrowing C-sharp Etude (Op. 10 No. 4), and a morsel of Scriabine farfallonery, the Etude Op. 49 No. 3. In effect these encores were four excellent piano lessons...
...Publishers Weekly blurb for the novel Billy Dead notes that it is "reminiscent of Dorothy Allison," and on the surface this comparison is very apt. Like Allison's most famous work, Bastard out of Carolina, Lisa Reardon's debut novel deals with the effect of abuse on the children of a working-class white family and is narrated by one of the children, Ray, now grown up. Ultimately, however, for various reasons Billy Dead is a weaker and less interesting work than its predecessor...