Word: effectively
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...conservative dissent, which would have allowed the creche, was written by Kennedy, 52, the court's newest member. Kennedy contended that the majority ruling by Harry Blackmun, and in effect a whole train of Supreme Court decisions, "reflects an unjustified hostility toward religion." In his opinion, Kennedy proposed that the court apply two new tests to determine the constitutionality of links between the government and religion. First, Kennedy wrote, "government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in any religion or its exercise." Second, the court should outlaw only those "direct benefits" that tend to create a state religion...
...lines. A study in California found that pregnant women who worked on video-display terminals for 20 hours or more a week had twice the risk of miscarrying as other clerical workers. Such findings are suggestive, but the researchers admit that their work does not establish a direct cause-effect relationship...
...studies so far have merely raised more questions. For example, How exactly do electromagnetic fields produce the alterations in cells? Are the changes temporary or permanent? Do they reflect normal adjustment or a harmful effect? Equally mystifying is what kind of exposure might constitute a danger. Is five minutes in a high-intensity field worse than 24 hours in a weak field? Says Imre Gyuk, manager of the electromagnetic program at the Department of Energy: "We don't at present have a scientific basis for regulatory action...
...resolve the issue, new studies are under way. If they show that electric power is harmful, the effect could be devastating. Appliances and electronic equipment would have to be redesigned, many homes rewired and the nation's power-distribution system overhauled. Lawsuits, already on the rise, would surge as citizens filed claims to cover illness or property devaluation...
...Chinese government has in the past shown itself extremely unwilling to bow to pressures from outside influences. But many students say that the limited steps that the U.S. has taken have already shown some positive effect. Although the wave of arrests and executions still continues, it is proceeding in a much more low-key style, says...