Word: effluent
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Though long-haul passenger trains in the U.S. have been equipped with toilets since before the Civil War, they went on dumping effluent right onto the tracks until states passed laws in recent years forcing them to clean up their act. Amtrak, however, was given a federal exemption from such regulations. The practice has irked railway workers and bystanders, who have sometimes fallen afoul of the raw waste from speeding trains...
...officials of a Chicago-based juice company, Bodine's Inc., for allegedly selling 7 million cases of adulterated frozen orange juice between 1983 and 1985. While the company labeled the juice "100% pure," the Food and Drug Administration says the product contained corn sugar, beet sugar, monosodium glutamate and effluent from a water-distillation process. The company allegedly used the ingredients because they were cheaper than the real thing and enabled Bodine's to offer lower prices to supermarkets. The adulteration stopped before the company changed hands in 1985, but the former executives face potential fines and prison terms...
...well runs dry. Several communities located near the sea have built desalinization plants. Denver, meanwhile, has pioneered the unsavory concept of turning sewer water into drinking water. In 1985 the city opened an experimental plant that produces 1 million gal. a day of high-quality H2O from treated effluent...
...that is under assault. Currently, the pulp factory produces 200,000 tons of cellulose fibers a year, and its effluent, discharged directed into the lake, has created a polluted zone 23 miles wide. Clouds of yellowish smoke belching from the factory's smokestacks have settled over 770 sq. mi. of Siberian wilderness and have killed an estimated 86,000 fir trees...
...Gdansk. Hong Kong, with 5.7 million people and 49,000 factories within its 400 sq. mi., dumps 1,000 tons of plastic a day -- triple the amount thrown away in London. Stinking garbage and human excrement despoils Thailand's majestic River of Kings. Man's effluent is more than an assault on the senses. When common garbage is burned, it spews dangerous gases into the air. Dumped garbage and industrial waste can turn lethal when corrosive acids, long-lived organic materials and discarded metals leach out of landfills into groundwater supplies, contaminating drinking water and polluting farmland...