Word: egypt
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...World War II, a massive influx of Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine and the partitioning of the territory into separate Jewish and Arab states led to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The subsequent 1949 Armistice Agreement gave Jordan control over the West Bank region of Palestine while Egypt gained control of Gaza...
...Gaza became densely populated with Arab refugees expelled from the newly independent Israel. While in the West Bank, Jordan offered citizenship to many of the refugees, Egypt did not extend the offer to Gazans; they remained under Egyptian military rule until Israel reoccupied the strip following the 6-day war against the Arab States in 1967. Gaza and the West Bank remained under Israeli occupation and military control for nearly 30 years, during which the Palestinians of the region struggled achieve independence while clashing with Jewish settlers encroaching into Palestinian territories...
...from a refugee camp in northern Gaza in 1987 and quickly spread across the region. During the revolt, which brought international attention to the Palestinian cause, the political party known as Hamas was created as a Palestinian extension of the popular Muslim Brotherhood Organization that had already swept through Egypt and much of the Arab world. Hamas gained momentum in the occupied region, especially in Gaza, by establishing educational and social programs for disenfranchised Palestinians, but drew international condemnation for its tactics of rebellion against Israel, including terror attacks and suicide bombings. Hamas continued to denounce Israel's presence...
...plan is as basic as it is alluring: the two leaders called for an immediate end to aggression by both Hamas and Israel. They also proposed reinforced policing of Egypt's border with Gaza to ensure that Hamas could not rearm itself with the same missiles whose firing provoked Israel's offensive in the first place. Those and other measures had been floated by Sarkozy and a group of European Union representatives who led peace missions in the region on Monday and Tuesday. Their proposals, however, were largely met by a disheartening dismissal from the various players in the conflict...
...what's different now? Mubarak's apparent pledge to tighten controls along Egypt's border with Gaza - with the implicit goal of preventing Hamas from building new missiles to strike Israel with. That appears designed to fulfill Israel's main condition for ending its offensive: rendering Hamas incapable of firing missiles into Israel, through either military defeat or an effective arms embargo. And while Israel hasn't officially accepted the Sarkozy-Mubarak plan, its response to the proposal contrasts with its earlier vows to fight on. "Israel welcomes the initiative of the French President and the Egyptian President to bring...