Word: einsteins
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Zuckerman also dissents from the Nobel emphasis on empirical discoveries as opposed to theoretical contributions. Says she: "Darwin's principles of evolution would probably not have qualified." Indeed, Albert Einstein's Nobel Prize citation made only a cautious reference to his theory of relativity, first published 16 years before he became a Nobel laureate in 1921, while emphasizing the empirical consequences of his work on the photoelectric effect-the basis for "electric eyes," television cameras and motion picture sound equipment...
Hardly any of Zwicky and Baade's colleagues took the proposal very seriously, but some theoretical physicists did follow up the idea. One of these was a young professor named J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California at Berkeley, who was studying Einstein's equations as they applied to gravitational collapse...
...fact exist. They would have a diameter of about 10 km (6 miles) and weigh about 10 million tons per cu. cm. In the second paper, innocuously titled "On Continued Gravitational Contraction," Oppenheimer and another student, Hartland Snyder, contended that if the dying star was massive enough, nothing in Einstein's theory stood in the way of the ultimate compression?the formation of a singularity...
...this was, of course, just theorizing, what Einstein called "thought" experiments. Conditions needed to form anything like a neutron star, to say nothing of a black hole, could not be duplicated on earth. Besides, the outbreak of the war forced scientists to turn to more pressing matters. Oppenheimer soon went off to direct the building of the first atomic bomb, and the concept of total gravitational collapse was largely forgotten until after...
...raise his head without great effort. He speaks only in a slurred monotone comprehensible to just a few intimates. Yet, at age 36, in spite of his heart-rending handicaps, Hawking is widely regarded as one of the premier scientific theorists of the 20th century, perhaps an equal of Einstein. His special province: the physics of black holes...