Word: either
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Senate, tacked to the foreign-aid appropriation a bipartisan rider that was the session's only serious civil rights move by either party: a two-year extension of the President's Civil Rights Commission. Result of the rider: a Saturday night filibuster by Southern Democrats, delaying adjournment into this week but not changing the outcome...
Best guess was that De Gaulle's scheme would then provide for "electoral consultation" with the Algerian people to allow them at least limited self-determination of their future relationship with France. Either through a popular referendum or an elected Assembly, Algerians might be permitted to choose among full integration of Algeria with France, some form of regional autonomy within the French Republic, or home rule as a member of the French Community in Africa. In time-perhaps after five years-Algeria might even be granted the right to opt for full independence...
...budget. Solution: hiring part-time "lay readers." college-trained housewives who can take over the chore at 25? a theme. The idea is being used in 16 cities. ¶ Across the country, arithmetic is being switched from rote learning and the "social utility" approach, which make the subject either inscrutable or silly. The new idea is to fascinate children with mathematical concepts and analysis so they can reason as scientists do. San Diego tried it last year, got ,000 children of all mental levels to advance twice as fast. This year a revolutionary new textbook embodying the technique will spread...
...Wall Street. To exist in the new age of missiles, some planemakers have already drastically changed their companies. Some are still hustling to do so, and some face the grim prospect that they must either merge with a bigger company or shut up shop. The change has already begun to cut heavily into profits. The plane industry, said one broker sadly, is the "only industry in a recession." In the first six months of this year, sales of the 15 largest aircraft companies slipped 5% and profits tumbled 45%. Among the giants, General Dynamics' earnings dropped from $20 million...
...Thin. The swiftest and most profitable shift from planes to missiles was made by the Martin Co., simply because it had no choice. It was either that or go broke. When George Bunker, a corporate rescue expert, took over as boss in 1952, the company was deep in the hole (1951 loss: $22 million.). Bunker easily saw that Martin had no future in planemaking. He shifted into missiles and electronics, busily worked to get dozens of Government contracts that looked none too inviting to other companies, because the profit was less than on commercial business. Now Martin has contracts...