Word: electrocardiographs
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, and Biophysicist C. Hellmuth Hertz of the Lund Institute of Technology. Their pioneering accomplishment: the application of ultrasonics to diagnosing abnormalities of the heart. Hailed by the Lasker jurors as perhaps the most important nonsurgical tool for heart diagnosis since the development of the electrocardiograph, the technique uses the familiar sonar echo principle: high-frequency (and inaudible) sound waves reflected from a target reveal its characteristics. Echocardiography can, for example, measure heart-muscle thickness, detect valve abnormalities and even show an image of the heart pumping on a TV screen-all without surgery or other...
...Chicago's Swedish Covenant Hospital, Cardiologist Dr. Noel Nequin started an exercise program for heart patients six years ago. The first step is a stress test, in which the subject runs on a treadmill while wired to an electrocardiograph. Then an exercise regime is set. The beginning pace may be a walk or a slow jog, with frequent pulse checks. Conditioning is slower than with healthy joggers, but the results can be startling. Ten of Nequin's patients, one of them a 47-year-old merchant who survived a triple bypass operation, were planning...
...eventually to have great impact on Paul White (M.D., Harvard, 1911), who was then switching from pediatrics to heart disease because a sister had died from the aftereffects of rheumatic fever. After White's internship, Harvard financed a trip to London, where he bought a newfangled invention, the electrocardiograph. White took the instrument back to Massachusetts General Hospital, where he set it up in a closet in the basement of a Bulfinch building. There he began taking and studying the ECGs of Americans, men, women and children, eventually compiling records of tens of thousands of patients...
Started in 1966, the Y's program is a unique combination of physical education and physiology. Prospective participants must get clearance from their own physicians as well as from Zohman. Before giving her approval, she puts an applicant through "stress testing"-exercising while hooked up to an electrocardiograph. "It simply isn't enough to run an electrocardiogram on a heart at rest," says she. "We have to road-test it to see how well it performs under a work load." In this examination the patient pedals a bicycle-like device against increasing resistance. Meanwhile, his oxygen consumption...