Word: electroencephalographers
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Brain Waves. Although Pinneo and others have experimented with computer systems that respond to voice commands, he decided that there might be a more direct method than speech. The key to his scheme: the electroencephalograph, a device used by medical researchers to pick up electrical currents from various parts of the brain. If he could learn to identify brain waves generated by specific thoughts or commands, Pinneo figured, he might be able to teach the same skill to a computer. The machine might even be able to react to those commands by, say, moving a dot across a TV screen...
Doctors searching for a workable definition have had to protect themselves from lawsuits and murder charges as well as protect the patient from the scalpels of overzealous transplant surgeons. Usually, they have called in an outside, objective judge: the electroencephalograph (EEG). The EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, which has displaced the heart as the recognized center of individuality. Cessation of that electrical activity is "death...
Letting Go. The brain's constant electrical activity produces wave patterns that can easily be measured with an electroencephalograph attached to the scalp. The patterns, recorded by the EEG as tracings on ribbons of paper, come in four main wave lengths: delta (.5 to 3 cycles per sec.), occurring in sleep; theta (4 to 7 per sec.), linked to creativity; beta (13 to 30 per sec.), identified with mental concentration; and the relaxed alpha (8 to 12 per sec.). It was only in 1929 that German Psychiatrist Hans Berger discovered alpha waves and not until 1958 that experimenters began...
Kamiya's experiments are typical in several respects of all autonomic-research methods, which employ what is known as operant conditioning or instrumental learning. A monitoring device (Kamiya frequently uses an electroencephalograph) is attached to a subject, who is told that a tone will sound when he is in a certain "state" and that the tone should sound for as long as possible. But the subject is not told the nature of the state, or how to attain...
When the 3-hr. 40-min. operation was over, Kennedy "stabilized pretty well," said Cuneo. An electroencephalograph showed regular brain waves. Feeding him intravenously, continuing the transfusions and the monitoring of his life forces, the doctor watched for signs of consciousness. Even then, said Cuneo, "we were certain that the future would be disastrous for the Senator if he did survive. I didn't tell Ethel all this; I just told her that we were doing everything we could...