Word: electromagneticism
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Supported by a society that wants answers to the time-honored philosophical questions, astrophysicists have enormously widened human understanding of the ways that matter and energy interact throughout our Milky Way and beyond. The technological boom of the 1960s and 70s has created nothing less than a second Renaissance--whole...
But the unification of the weak and the electromagnetic forces remained the most promising avenue. "There were two major problems," Glashow recollects, "the mathematical problem, and the 'finiteness' problem. I solved the first, and Steve solved the second." The one clue sprung from the fact that the amount, or quantum...
Steven Weinberg's contribution came six years later, in 1967, when he and Salam simultaneously but separately published a system of equations known today as "guage theory." Guage theory serves as a sort of mathematical telescope, changing one frame of reference completely so as to allow it to be compared...
This theory also allowed physicists to make stunning predictions of the relativity poorly understood weak forces, almost all of which have since been vindicated. Perhaps the most important of these predictions is that of the existence of "neutral currents," first observed as recently as 1974. These currents have an analogue...
As a direct consequence of the recent astronomical discoveries and a host of new and precise measuring techniques, general relativity is finally enjoying boom times. Thus Einstein, a genius in his own age, remains a powerful intellectual force in this time as well. The number of learned papers on general...