Word: electron
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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THOSE odd-shaped objects in the background of this week's TIME cover are viruses-magnified more than 50,000 times and reproduced in their actual shape by machine and man. The viruses, which are measured in millionths of an inch, were first photographed by an electron microscope that produces an enlarged image of minute particles through the use of a beam of electrons. Working from electron-micrograph prints, Artist Bernard Safran enlarged the viruses somewhat more to obtain the proper effect for the cover. Among those he chose to use, the sticklike viruses at upper left...
...appeared in 1938: the electron microscope, in which beams of electrons are focused sharply enough to take photographs of objects less than a millionth of an inch across. This made many virus particles visualizable-and another Rockefeller fellow had something to visualize. Indiana-born Wendell Stanley went back to Beijerinck's favorite, the tobacco mosaic virus, or TMV, and spent years in a Princeton laboratory cooking down a ton of sickly tobacco leaves, filtering and re-filtering, dissolving and redissolving, until he had isolated the cause of this economically costly disease. What he had to show for years...
...viruses. Like some other viruses, it can be grown in chick embryos and hamsters. Using new fluorescent techniques, researchers have traced the antibodies that are formed to fight the Eaton Agent. But they have never been able positively to single out the presumed virus and photograph it with an electron microscope...
Tritium is produced when great solar explosions cause hydrogen and helium to combine at energies of over a million electron volts. The effect can be duplicated on earth with a cyclotron...
Brooks, a native of Medford, Mass, received the BS in mechanical engineering form Tufts in 1950. He was an engineer with the Boston Edison Co. for a year and with Arthur D. Little, Inc., for nine years. Since 1960 he has been a research fellow with the Cambridge Electron Accelerator...