Word: electron
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Keith Porter, the noted electron microscopist from the Rockefeller Institute, will join the University Faculty next fall as professor of Biology, and give a course called "The Cell," which will use the resources of the natural sciences to penetrate to the molecular level, according to Wald...
M.I.T. is moving toward a basic change in its organic structure. It is creating five "centers": for the life sciences, the earth sciences, materials research, communications, and aeronautics and astronautics. In the life sciences center, for" example, electrical engineers, physicists, chemists, mathematicians, medical men, biophysicists, biochemists, microbiologists and electron-microscope experts all pool their skills. The life sciences center is a prime customer for Chilean fishermen, who ship to Cambridge the nerve fibers of a giant squid found off Chile's coast. The size of the fibers makes them relatively easy to work with, and M.I.T.'s life...
...Electron microscopes are much more powerful than microscopes using light, but conventional models have a great disadvantage: they cannot be used on living cells or organisms. Their pictures of bacteria, for instance, show dried-up husks that do not resemble living bacteria any more than ancient Egyptian mummies resemble living men. But last week a new-type electron microscope in Toulouse, France, was taking pictures of bacteria that are still alive and reasonably healthy...
...electron microscope works by shooting electrons through an object and bringing them to a magnified focus on the far side. The object shows as a shadowed picture because some parts of it stop more electrons than others. Since electrons are scattered by air, the interior of the instrument must be an almost perfect vacuum, which would dry up and kill almost instantly all living bacteria...
...French microscope at the Toulouse Electron Optics Laboratory is housed in a shining aluminum sphere 78 ft. in diameter. Professor Gaston Dupouy, head of the laboratory and the microscope's chief operator, explains that he protects bacteria by enclosing them in a tiny air-filled cell that fits on the microscope's stage. The cell has two windows, one on the top, the other on the bottom, which are covered with collodion film less than four-millionths of an inch thick. The windows are so small (four-thousandths of an inch in diameter) that this gossamer stuff...