Word: electrones
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...arrest and said that a shadowy band of conspirators associated with a man known as Raoul had orchestrated the assassination. While Ray's fingerprints were found on a gun left not far from the scene of the shooting, defense lawyer William Pepper argued that an analysis by sophisticated modern electron microscopes could show that the bullet which killed King does not match ammunition left in the 30.06 Remington rifle. Earlier tests were inconclusive, leaving investigators to rely on Ray's confession. Questions about the FBI's assertion that Ray acted alone surrounded the case from the beginning, including criticisms that...
Like all organisms, cells produce waste as they metabolize energy. One of the most troublesome by-products of this process is a species of oxygen molecule known as a free radical--essentially an ordinary molecule with an extra electron. This addition creates an electrical imbalance that the molecule seeks to rectify by careening about, trying to bond with other molecules or structures, including DNA. A lifetime of this can lead to a lot of damaged cells, which may lead to a range of disorders, including cancer and the more generalized symptoms of aging like wrinkles and arthritis...
Members of the NASA-led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the fray. They distributed copies of their peer-reviewed report, which the prestigious journal Science accepted for publication in this week's issue, and displayed some remarkable scanning electron-microscope images of the tiny structures found inside the meteorite...
...physicists eventually became intrigued with a third idea. Perhaps some electron neutrinos were switching identities, changing by a process called oscillation into muon or tau neutrinos (the two other varieties) en route to Earth. If so, existing detectors could never see them. And while some of the fine print in the laws of physics says that a massless neutrino can't change its stripes, a neutrino with even a tiny bit of mass might. If neutrinos have mass, they can change; conversely, if they can change, they must have mass, despite what textbooks have been saying for decades...
Thanks to its exquisite sensitivity, however, S.N.O. may be able to settle the question of whether the sun's deficit in electron neutrinos is offset by a previously undetected flood of the other kinds. If this works as expected, it should determine once and for all whether neutrinos oscillate. If they don't, solar physics will have to be revised; if they do, particle physics will be turned on its head. "I'd say our solar models are quite reliable," says Bahcall. "But that's why you do experiments. Because what you think you know might turn...