Word: electronic
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...learned about all these forces, but that did not prevent Drs. Jabez Curry Street & Edward Carl Stevenson of Harvard from announcing last week that they had discovered a brand-new cosmic particle which the heavens rain upon the earth. It has a negative electrical charge like an electron, but seems to weigh ten times as much and have a thousand times as much energy, easily passing through four Geiger counters, two cloud chambers and seven inches of lead...
...short years ago mathematical builders of the universe got along with two fundamental particles, the proton and the electron. The proton was the nucleus of the simplest atom, hydrogen. It had a charge of positive electricity and its mass was .0000000000000000000000166 gram. The electron, which in the hydrogen atom throbbed alone around the nuclear proton, had a negative charge matching the proton's positive charge and its mass was 1,847 times less than that of the other particle. The more complex atoms of other elements were constructed from various combinations of electrons and protons...
Then, in quick succession, the neutron was discovered by Chadwick in England and the positron by Anderson in California. The neutron was about as heavy as the proton but had no electric charge. The positron had the same mass as the electron but an opposite charge. Physicists then saw that if they could add to their collection a particle heavy like the proton but negatively charged, and a particle light like the electron but not charged at all like the neutron, they would have a neat array of pairs and triplets, as follows...
MASS CHARGE Plus Minus No Charge Heavy Proton (Negative Neutron proton?) Light Positron Electron (Neutrino...
There is also a demand for the negative proton-which also fails to leave a recognizable track in ionization chambers. Neutrons have been supposed to consist of a positive proton and a negative electron jammed together, canceling the electric charges. But to explain why some neutrons had positive "spins" and some negative, Tolansky of England two years ago suggested that the negative-spinners were composed of negative protons combined with positrons. The existence of positive-negative electron mates, said he, "suggests, on grounds of symmetry, that a negative proton might be expected to exist." Anderson had also declared himself...