Word: electronic
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Eight years ago an astute French theorist named Louis de Broglie enlarged and vastly complicated the field of subatomic study by endowing orbital electrons with the properties of waves or pulsations. Erwin Schrodinger then began work which led to a potent development of this idea. He replaced the classical equations for electron motion with new differential equations similar to those which describe the wave motion which constitutes light and sound. Thus the atom is conceived as a positive nucleus wrapped in a throbbing field of negative electricity. To expound these ticklish ideas to U. S. scientists slim, smallish, pleasant-spoken...
...physics in Germany? They call it the 'Boy Physics.' " Werner Heisenberg at 21 had distinguished himself by studies on the Zeeman effect (splitting of spectrum lines when light comes from an electromagnetic field). Independently of the de Broglie wave mechanics, he devised an abstruse mathematical description of electronic behavior which he called "matrix mechanics." He saw the necessity of a wave concept as well as anyone else, but he followed the Newtonian principle that hypotheses should be avoided. In the light of wave mechanics alone, electrons lost their individualities, melted into a continuous field of negative electricity...
...will explain to the audience in simple terms the meaning of the electron, of micro-amperes, and the cathode rays. The properties of radium and uranium with their mysterious emanations, which man is as yet totally unable to control, will also be discussed at length and a demonstration will be offered of the versatility of vacuum tubes as the electric eye, the electric ear, and the electric touch...
...different point of departure led to the solution presented last week. Maxwellian theory took no notice of the size of energy-radiating particles, handled them as mathematical points. By 1925 subatomic theory had reached such a stage that electrons (which Maxwell did not know existed) had to be considered as waves as well as corpuscles-hence as abstractions. Reduced to its simplest terms, Professor Bern's latest work elevates them to the status of physical entities. By introducing a symbol to represent the electron's radius, by investing the electron with the four Einsteinian dimensions of time & space...
...result, stated Professor Born, the positions and velocities of orbital electrons may now both be calculated. The Uncertainty Principle advanced six years ago by Professor Werner Heisenberg held that the position or velocity of a given electron might be observed, never both. It has been widely accepted by theorists ever since, was reiterated last June by Niels Bohr at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Chicago...