Word: electronic
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Four years ago the first modern electron microscope was exhibited by the Siemens & Halske A.-G., in Berlin (TIME, June 6, 1938). Two years ago the R.C.A. Laboratories completed the first commercial American model, seven feet tall, magnifying by 25.000 diameters and costing $10,000. Last week R.C.A. and General Electric, racing for 1) a major public service, 2) a big market among hospitals, universities and industrial laboratories, both announced simplified, portable models at about $2,000 ready for general use-by priority customers. A big world beyond the limits of the ordinary light microscope now lies open to exploration...
...made with the large instrument, revealing unsuspected details in the structure of metals, pigments, powder, oils and in the anatomy of bacteria and viruses. Physicians were especially eager: some expect the conquest of diseases like the common cold, influenza and infantile paralysis, caused by viruses invisible except in the electron microscope...
Last week Dr. Pierre Auger, who discovered these showers at his Paris laboratory in 1938, gave a new theory of their origin to the American Physical Society, meeting at the University of Chicago. They do not come from outer space as electrons: that would require a million billion electron volts. More probably the original missile from the remote regions of the universe is a proton, a bare hydrogen nucleus moving at terrific velocity with energy of 200 million electron volts. When it strikes the earth's atmosphere it breaks up either by explosion or collision and, like an earthbound...
...both types of photoluminescence are similar physical phenomena. Many luminescent materials are crystalline. Impact of light waves moves some electrons away from their normal position within the latticed clumps of molecules called phosphors. Then, as each electron moves back to its original orbit, it emits light waves. Length of afterglow depends upon the time taken by the electrons in returning...
Bugs. Men who have spent their lives studying insects got a thrill from their first really close-up view of the delicate anatomy of these tiny creatures. Magnified up to 20,000 diameters (ten times larger than light-microscopes can do) by R.C.A.'s new electron microscope (TIME, Oct. 28, 1940), insect innards were revealed in photographs exhibited at the A.A.A.S. meeting by Zoologist Albert Glenn Richards Jr. of the University of Pennsylvania, and R.C.A.'s Thomas F. Anderson. Bugmen buzzed with delight at the spectacle of mosquitoes' windpipes, a butterfly's scale, a roach...