Word: electronic
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...silicon in the battery is first grown in pure crystals, cut into strips, then impregnated to a depth of only one ten-thousandth of an inch with minor impurities. The top surface is treated with boron, whose atom has one less electron in its outer shell than silicon has; the bottom layer is treated with arsenic, whose atom has one more electron in its outer shell than silicon has. When light strikes near the junction of the two layers, it pushes electrons to the bottom surface, pulls "holes" (electronless gaps) to the top surface, creating a difference in voltage...
...found to have any effect on true viruses. These stubborn facts have not deterred Dr. John E. Gregory of Pasadena, Calif. To "prove" his thesis that human cancer is caused by a virus, he has put out a book with photographs purporting to show the virus particles under the electron microscope. He grosses $400,000 a year by treating up to 300 patients a day with "Gregomycin," which he calls an antibiotic developed from soil scooped up in the backyard of his San Marino estate. And he claims many cures...
...years ago, at Cambridge University, Physicists John D. Cockcroft and Ernest T. S. Walton shot hydrogen nuclei (protons) from a primitive high-voltage machine at a lithium target. A few of the protons hit lithium nuclei. The product of each such reaction: two atoms of helium and 17.3 million electron-volts of energy...
...University of California scientists who designed and built the bevatron are gradually stepping up its energy, starting only small groups of protons around the magnetic race track, but already their energy at the end of their run is 4.7 billion electron-volts. This is twice the energy of the second largest accelerator, the cosmotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island. It is the energy of middle sized cosmic-ray particles, which have been accelerated, perhaps for billions of years, by unknown forces in space. Each proton at the end of its journey has a mass six times as great...
...From bev, scientists' shorthand for billion electron-volts. * By the Einstein principle that mass increases with speed...