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...Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The Prize for Physics was divided between a pioneer cosmic ray researcher, Professor Victor Franz Hess, 53, of Austria's Innsbruck University, and 31-year-old Professor Carl David Anderson of California Institute of Technology, discoverer of a fundamental particle of matter, the positive electron. Prizeman Debye will receive about $40,000, Prizemen Anderson & Hess each half that...
Neutrons have about the same mass as the heart of a hydrogen atom, but they are much smaller. Dr. George Braxton Pegram and his associates at Columbia have set the neutron diameter at one ten-trillionth of an inch. Unlike electrons, positrons, protons and deuterons, neutrons have no electric charge. Hence they make splendid projectiles for bombardment since they are not repelled by the positive charges on the atomic nuclei. Alpha particles knock neutrons in quantity out of beryllium and other light elements at speeds up to 30,000 miles per second. When the neutron hits a nucleus it either...
...Pisa, has taught and researched at the University of Rome since 1927. Short, wiry, dapper, cheerful, he is married, has a 5-year-old daughter, likes to ski, play tennis. Some years ago he perceived that when a nuclear impact knocks a neutron and a positron out of an electron, there is a mysterious disappearance of energy. He surmised that the excess energy rode away on a little particle which, now generally accepted as theoretically necessary, still eludes observation. It is because of Fermi that this little particle, the neutrino, has an Italian name...
...conflict. Relativity dispenses with the idea of absolute time; quantum mechanics retains it. Although it is a tremendously powerful approach to atomic behavior, quantum mechanics is shot through with uncertainty. It has given birth to the Uncertainty Principle of Heisenberg, which states that the position and velocity of an electron cannot be simultaneously ascertained. In the Schrödinger wave mechanics, the little symbol ψ is important. It stands, roughly, for statistical probability. Instead of locating the electron, it locates a region in which the electron probably occurs...
...Zworykin sender the image to be televised falls on a small sheet of mica covered with millions of microscopic dots of photosensitive cesium. Each tiny dot receives an electric charge according to the amount of light that falls on it. A beam of electrons shot from a cathode tube and controlled by rapidly oscillating magnetic fields weaves back & forth across the sheet of mica 6,000 times per second. The beam discharges the electropositive tension in the dots, and the changing pattern of this discharge modulates a current passing through the sheet. The modulated current, fed into a radio transmitter...