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...radiation, which is made of solar protons that have been trapped by the earth's magnetic field and forced to zigzag around the earth, the balloon-detected particles came directly from the sun, crashing into the earth's atmosphere with energies between no million and 120 million electron-volts...
...Parts in 1 Billion Billion. Lyttleton and Bondi belong to the British school of cosmology, which holds that matter is being created continuously in the form of hydrogen atoms appearing in empty space. Each hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton, and physicists have generally assumed that the positive electrical charge of the proton is exactly equal to the negative charge of the electron. Lyttleton and Bondi point out that this is only an assumption...
...contains condensations: galaxies and clusters of galaxies, each made of billions of stars and surrounded by clouds of gas. Inside these units, say Lyttleton and Bondi, there is no electrostatic repulsion. Instead, some of the hydrogen atoms between the stars are ionized (i.e., separated into a proton and an electron) by light and other radiation. These ions form a kind of electrical conductor: free protons move to the outside of the unit until they have carried away enough positive electricity to make the interior electrically neutral...
Stanford already has a linear accelerator 220 ft. long that turns out electrons with 700 million electron volts. The projected two-mile installation is expected to generate electrons with 15 billion volts at the start. Later, the scientists hope, it can be souped up to 40 billion volts. If Congress votes the money which the President wants, the accelerator should go into operation in about six years...
Members of the AEC have taken the "natural position," claimed another signer, M. Stanley Livingston, Director of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator. He remarked that they are "narrowly interested in doing their job well...