Word: electronically
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...What the electron microscope contributes to war research will not be published. But so great an advance is expected that a society of electron microscopists is now contemplated...
Four years ago the first modern electron microscope was exhibited by the Siemens & Halske A.-G., in Berlin (TIME, June 6, 1938). Two years ago the R.C.A. Laboratories completed the first commercial American model, seven feet tall, magnifying by 25.000 diameters and costing $10,000. Last week R.C.A. and General Electric, racing for 1) a major public service, 2) a big market among hospitals, universities and industrial laboratories, both announced simplified, portable models at about $2,000 ready for general use-by priority customers. A big world beyond the limits of the ordinary light microscope now lies open to exploration...
...made with the large instrument, revealing unsuspected details in the structure of metals, pigments, powder, oils and in the anatomy of bacteria and viruses. Physicians were especially eager: some expect the conquest of diseases like the common cold, influenza and infantile paralysis, caused by viruses invisible except in the electron microscope...
Greater magnification is possible because electron waves are shorter than light waves. Highest magnification requires shortest possible electron waves, hence higher voltage. The portable models sacrifice extreme magnification, but R.C.A. gives 5,000 diameters, G.E. 10,000 (compared to 2,000 useful upper limit in the best microscopes using light waves). Both can be "blown up" photographically to give in effect 100,000 diameters or more. The G.E. instrument, developed by Dr. Simon Ramo and Dr. Charles H. Bachman, has a horizontal system, is 52 inches high, operates on a 110-volt light circuit, The R.C.A. model, only 16 inches...
Last week Dr. Pierre Auger, who discovered these showers at his Paris laboratory in 1938, gave a new theory of their origin to the American Physical Society, meeting at the University of Chicago. They do not come from outer space as electrons: that would require a million billion electron volts. More probably the original missile from the remote regions of the universe is a proton, a bare hydrogen nucleus moving at terrific velocity with energy of 200 million electron volts. When it strikes the earth's atmosphere it breaks up either by explosion or collision and, like an earthbound...