Word: electronized
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Bondi, are backers of the theory of continuous creation, which holds that matter is still being created. The newly created matter is generally believed to appear throughout space in the form of hydrogen atoms (one proton and one electron each), but Gold and Hoyle now think it may first appear as neutrons. Since neutrons are unstable, they break up almost immediately, yielding equal numbers of protons and electrons. This neutron decay releases so much energy that the resulting "cosmological material" has the temperature...
Water for Fuel. The first step toward creating a controlled fusion reaction is to heat up deuterium gas until the nucleus (one proton and one neutron) of each atom is separated from the electron that ordinarily orbits around it (deuterium is the hydrogen isotope in heavy water, D2O). If the particles are made hot enough, the deuterium nuclei will collide with ample force to "fuse" together, forming helium 3 and giving off a neutron. When that happens, part of their mass is converted into energy-the energy of the hydrogen bomb, the stars...
...radiation, which is made of solar protons that have been trapped by the earth's magnetic field and forced to zigzag around the earth, the balloon-detected particles came directly from the sun, crashing into the earth's atmosphere with energies between no million and 120 million electron-volts...
...Parts in 1 Billion Billion. Lyttleton and Bondi belong to the British school of cosmology, which holds that matter is being created continuously in the form of hydrogen atoms appearing in empty space. Each hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton, and physicists have generally assumed that the positive electrical charge of the proton is exactly equal to the negative charge of the electron. Lyttleton and Bondi point out that this is only an assumption...
...contains condensations: galaxies and clusters of galaxies, each made of billions of stars and surrounded by clouds of gas. Inside these units, say Lyttleton and Bondi, there is no electrostatic repulsion. Instead, some of the hydrogen atoms between the stars are ionized (i.e., separated into a proton and an electron) by light and other radiation. These ions form a kind of electrical conductor: free protons move to the outside of the unit until they have carried away enough positive electricity to make the interior electrically neutral...