Word: electronized
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...operation of his quark-hunting experiment is known. As their tool, Fairbank and two young colleagues-Arthur Hebard, now at Bell Laboratories, and George LaRue-devised an updated version of the classical "oil drop" experiment, first used by Robert Millikan in 1910 to measure the charge on a single electron. Instead of oil drops, the Fairbank team relied on tiny spheres of niobium, a metal that becomes a superconductor when it is chilled to near absolute zero. When the sphere is levitated in a strong magnetic field, and virtually stripped of electrical charge, any charge that remains-even the minuscule...
Tiny Spheres. Physicists say the Stanford team measured on their tiny spheres positive and negative charges equal to a third of an electron's normal charge. Such a result fits in neatly with the original predicted charges for quarks, which theoreticians said should be either one-third or two-thirds of those of electrons. Whether the fractional charges measured by the Stanford scientists actually indicate the presence of quarks remains to be seen. But if quarks have indeed been found, their discovery will provide stunning verification of Gell-Mann's brilliant theory about the ultimate structure of matter...
...Stanford discovery is confirmed it will have profound implications on particle physics. All the old theories about subatomic forces will be discarded, and a new theory about these interactions will have to be formulated, DeRujula said, adding that "it will be the biggest thing since the discovery of the electron...
...carriers of mass can be further divided into leptons, which do not feel the "strong" force, and hadrons, which do. There are four leptons: the electron, the muon, the electron neutrino and the muon neutrino. There are hundreds of hadrons. The neutron and proton are both hadrons and so are subject to the paull of the "strong" force...
...understand fully how they are assembled and how they function. A primary means of obtaining this knowledge is X-ray diffraction, a process in which molecules are first crystallized, then examined by X rays. The data collected can be analyzed by computer and then used to draw elaborate "electron density" maps from which complex models can be built...