Word: electrons
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...difference between mercury and gold, automicly speaking, is that an atom of gold consists of a nucleus and 79 electrons grouped around it, whereas an atom of mercury consists of a nucleus surrounded by 80 electrons. Take an atom of mercury; if you could, knock off the 80th electron and you would have an atom of gold...
According to the present chemical conception, all elements are made up in this way?of electrons. On the number of electrons depends the properties of each element. In other words, all the elements are a sort of series, growing more complicated as the number of electrons, and hence the complexity of the atom, increases. Remove one electron at a time?if you could?and you would successively change an elementary substance from one element to another. In the case of the more complex elements?of the radium type, for example?there is a natural tendency to break down into simpler...
Here is a new temptation to solve the old problem of alchemy?how to make gold. Here is the 80th electron of a mercury atom revolving around its nucleus, much like a planet around the sun, waiting to be knocked off and leave the precious old Midas-metal in the chemist's palm...
...they are attempting it. But it is not as easy as it sounds. The 80th electron cannot be displaced with a pair of tweezers or a baseball bat. For this atom, which is too small to be seen, is also too substantial to be easily dissected...
...Major Gen. George O. Squier, former chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, reporting the results of recent experiments in ocean cable work, stated that a universal automatic telegraph transmitter, applicable to radio, land lines and submarine cables, has been tested on artificial cables in the laboratory. The electron vacuum tube is facilitating the new development; an undreamed-of degree of cable efficiency will be possible by amplification of received cable signals. Cable and radio telegraphy each have their natural sphere of utility and are not essentially in conflict...