Word: electrons
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...mess. That bit of historical minutia was revealed by Scientist J.A. Swift of Britain's Unilever Research after an exhaustive analysis of a lock of hair that had been bequeathed by Miss Austen to her niece and ended among the relics of the Jane Austen Society. His scanning electron microscope, Swift reported in the erudite scientific journal Nature, showed that changes brought about in individual hairs by brushing and combing were absent from the lock of the woman who wrote Pride and Prejudice. "It must be concluded," said Swift, "that within the last three years of her life, Jane...
...Paleontology bases his theory on a treasure trove of dinosaur eggs unearthed near Aix-en-Provence in Southern France. So many fossilized egg fragments were found there that Erben concluded that dinosaurs had used the site as a regular nesting place for thousands of years. Using a scanning electron microscope, he determined that the average thickness of the eggshells in the lower or older layers ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 mm., while the shells in the younger layers were only about half as thick. Such fragile eggs could easily become dehydrated and broken, killing the dinosaur embryo. Scientists now have...
...search quickly led to the same technology that produced that tiny workhorse of modern electronics, the transistor, which owes its success to a class of materials called semiconductors. These are crystalline substances that will readily conduct an electric current only if they are contaminated -or, in technical jargon, "doped" -with other substances that give them either a surplus or deficit of electrons. Moreover, if two dissimilar semiconductors are joined together-one with a shortage of negatively charged electrons (known as a P-type because it has a positive charge), the other with an electron abundance (or N-type because...
...assembled scientists and technicians had every reason for jubilation. After many plaguing problems, the world's largest atom smasher had reached its programmed energy level of 200 billion electron volts (GeV).* That was not only the most powerful beam ever achieved by an accelerator, but also far surpassed the former record achieved by the Russians in their 76 GeV machine outside Moscow. Just back from congressional appropriations hearings in Washington, NAL'S beleaguered director, Physicist Robert R. Wilson, happily passed out champagne in goblets saved for the occasion and emblazoned with...
...spectacular energy bonus caused by the effects of relativity. Because the velocity of the particles nears the speed of light, their mass increases dramatically. As a result, the 28-BeV protons collide with an energy equivalent to that produced by a conventional accelerator of nearly 1,500 billion electron volts...