Word: electrons
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...density of about 1014 (100 trillion) particles per cubic centimeter. Scientists have taken two different routes in their efforts to achieve these critical conditions. One is to use a "magnetic bottle" -an enclosing magnetic field-to contain the hydrogen fuel. The other is to use lasers or electron beams to make miniature hydrogen "bombs" out of tiny pellets of the fuel...
George B. Field, Paine Professor of Practical Astronomy, who also spoke at the forum, said he believed the universe might not expand forever, but might begin to fall in on itself and contract to the size of an electron...
...operation of his quark-hunting experiment is known. As their tool, Fairbank and two young colleagues-Arthur Hebard, now at Bell Laboratories, and George LaRue-devised an updated version of the classical "oil drop" experiment, first used by Robert Millikan in 1910 to measure the charge on a single electron. Instead of oil drops, the Fairbank team relied on tiny spheres of niobium, a metal that becomes a superconductor when it is chilled to near absolute zero. When the sphere is levitated in a strong magnetic field, and virtually stripped of electrical charge, any charge that remains-even the minuscule...
Tiny Spheres. Physicists say the Stanford team measured on their tiny spheres positive and negative charges equal to a third of an electron's normal charge. Such a result fits in neatly with the original predicted charges for quarks, which theoreticians said should be either one-third or two-thirds of those of electrons. Whether the fractional charges measured by the Stanford scientists actually indicate the presence of quarks remains to be seen. But if quarks have indeed been found, their discovery will provide stunning verification of Gell-Mann's brilliant theory about the ultimate structure of matter...
...Stanford discovery is confirmed it will have profound implications on particle physics. All the old theories about subatomic forces will be discarded, and a new theory about these interactions will have to be formulated, DeRujula said, adding that "it will be the biggest thing since the discovery of the electron...