Word: electros
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...once-white stone is now black with age. First director was James Clerk Maxwell, a Scotsman who as a schoolboy wore lace frill collars, a tunic and square-toed shoes, was considered peculiar by his mates. They were quite right. When he was hardly past 30, Maxwell invented electro-magnetic waves (e.g., wireless waves) out of his head, then proved mathematically that their speed must equal that of light. British physical scientists rank Maxwell second only to Isaac Newton. His immortal set of four equations, deemed a thing of beauty by scientific esthetes, is Exhibit A for apprentice theorists...
...yards back from King's Parade where stand most of the Cambridge colleges. Free School Lane is still barred to all forms of transportation-except bicycles and shoe leather. In the early clays of Cavendish, equipment was meagre. When the august Royal Society condescended to send up an electro-dynamometer from London, the rejoicing among Cavendish students almost became undignified...
...spent some years in England's Cambridge as a Rockefeller fellow, joined the Institute at Princeton in 1936. In Cambridge he helped Physicist Max Born, another German exile (now at Edinburgh), in the formulation of a field theory which bridges modern Quantum Mechanics and the 19th-Century electro-magnetic wave equations of Scotland's brilliant James Clerk Maxwell (TIME, Sept...
...curves. After curved fields in space came waves of energy. The wave theory of light, which had been opposed by Newton, was picked up again because it was the only way to explain certain phenomena-for example, the diffraction rings produced when light passes through a small aperture. Before electro-magnetic waves (e.g., wireless waves) were ever demonstrated experimentally, Maxwell distilled them out of his mathematical equations, then showed that their velocity was equal to the velocity of light. Therefore, light appeared to be an electro-magnetic wave. This was one of the greatest achievements in the history of science...
Visible light does not penetrate thick fog, but visible light is only a small segment on the wide spectrum of electro-magnetic radiation. Radiation which is too long in wave length to be seen, called infra-red and embracing wireless waves of all lengths, has the faculty of sliding around obstacles such as fog particles. Therefore an artificial eye which "sees" by infra-red radiation appears to offer the best hope of piercing...