Word: electroweak
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Even the highlight of Rubbia's career -- the discovery of the W and Z -- was accompanied by political machinations, says Taubes. Until late 1982 these subatomic particles were known only in theory -- the electroweak theory, which won Nobel Prizes in 1979 for Glashow and two fellow physicists. But someone still had to find concrete proof that the particles existed...
...force, which binds the nucleus' protons and neutrons, and the weak force, which shows its hand in the disintegration, or "decay," of certain nuclei, like those of uranium 235. Post-Einstein theorists in the late 1960s succeeded in finding a unity between electromagnetism and the weak force. Their "electroweak" theory postulated the existence of a family of three particles called intermediate vector bosons (after the Indian physicist S.N. Bose...