Word: elion
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...almost 40 years ago." So said a Nobel official in Stockholm last week of the two Americans who won the prize for medicine for their pioneering work in drug therapy. It was an uncommon break with tradition: the Nobel committee recognized researchers in the commercial drug industry. Winners Gertrude Elion, 70, and George Hitchings, 83, are both affiliated with Burroughs Wellcome in North Carolina, and Sir James Black, 64, is now at King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry...
...1940s, Elion and Hitchings, who have worked together since 1945, found that the genes of healthy cells process information differently from those of cancerous cells and disease-causing bacteria and viruses. By targeting these cells and microbes with drugs that interfere with replication, they established an approach that led to new drug therapies for many diseases, including leukemia and malaria. In 1957 Elion and Hitchings developed the drug, azathioprine, that controlled rejection in organ transplants. That led to the development of acyclovir for the treatment of herpes and AZT, the only drug approved by the Federal Government for AIDS...
...Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institute, which awards the prize, said Black developed a drug called propranolol in 1964 used in the treatment of heart disease. The work of Elion and Hitchings, who have collaborated since 1945, led to a series of drugs for the treatment of cancer...
...Elion, 70, a New York City native, and Hitchings, 83, born in Hoquiam, Wash., are affiliated with Wellcome Research Laboratories in Research Triangle Park...
Discoveries by Elion and Hitchings led to drugs that stop cancer cells from reproducing their genetic material, thereby hindering growth of the cancer, the announcement said...