Word: embargo
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Shultz's powers of presidential persuasion were put to a tougher test when America's European partners defied Reagan's embargo on equipment for the Soviet natural-gas pipeline. Shultz thought the sanctions were a mistake, since he knew U.S. attempts at enforcement were bound to cause more disarray in the NATO alliance than in the Soviet Union. Yet he characteristically never wavered in his public support of Reagan's stern approach...
...abandon his wish to punish the Soviets. Shultz's basic stance was that restrictions on the export of advanced Western technology to Moscow, if the ban had the support of all NATO allies, would far more effectively prick the Soviet economy than would a problematic pipeline-equipment embargo. The Secretary raised the issue of American economic self-interest as well, pointing out that U.S. pipeline suppliers were losing business to European competitors. In the end, the President was convinced by the weight of the thoughtful evidence carefully laid out during weeks of meetings...
...Soviets and their satellites have sunk deeper into the quagmire, they have become tempting targets for commercial and financial sanctions, even though such measures have been ineffective in the past. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in late 1979, President Carter declared a partial embargo on grain exports and shipments of many types of technology to Moscow. Sixteen months later, Reagan lifted the grain embargo, saying that it was hurting American farmers more than the Soviet Union. In response to last December's martial-law crackdown in Poland, Reagan strengthened the ban against technology exports to the Soviets...
...committed to supplying financing and materials for the Soviet gas pipeline and have refused to retreat from this position. Why, ask the Europeans, should they forgo the profits from the $10 billion deal and deny themselves much needed Soviet gas when the U.S. refuses to revive a grain embargo that would hurt American farmers? Over the past five months, the U.S. has banned the sale of American energy technology to European companies that are supplying equipment for the pipeline. But that policy has caused an uproar in Europe, and the U.S. lifted those sanctions on Saturday. A new understanding...
Most economists doubt the West can agree on sanctions that would truly hurt the Soviets. Says Richard Kaufman, a Soviet expert with the Congressional Joint Economic Committee: "The U.S. cannot build an economic wall around the Soviet Union." Moscow evaded the U.S. grain embargo by boosting imports from Argentina, Australia and Canada...