Word: embargoing
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...trade sanctions as a tool of foreign policy has almost invariably stirred up political storms. When Jimmy Carter banned most grain exports to the Soviet Union after its 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, American farmers were outraged, and Ronald Reagan dropped the embargo in 1981. Next year Reagan slapped sanctions on sales of technology and equipment to the Soviets in an effort to slow construction of their natural gas pipeline to Western Europe. But American businessmen and West European governments protested so strongly that the President relented and ended the restrictions after five months...
...topic of debate last week as the Senate passed a bill to renew the Export Administration Act, which sets the rules under which the Government can control exports. In a stunning challenge to the White House, the Senators approved an amendment that would require congressional approval for any embargo of farm products after it has been in effect for 60 days. The House passed a similar amendment in October. The Senate also voted to bar the President from imposing trade restrictions that would force companies to break contracts...
...times his areas of expertise have served him well. Shultz persuaded the President to abandon an ill-conceived embargo on parts for the Soviet pipeline; he also shaped Reagan's ambitious 1982 Middle East peace initiative, which envisioned self-government for the Palestinians in association with Jordan. On arms control and relations with the Soviet Union, he has been able to moderate some of the President's rigidity...
...Israel justifiably prided itself on its extensive and program for undeveloped African states. Israeli advisers and technicians were active all over Africa. But then came the Yom Kippur War (one thing, at least, that Mr. Kurzman does not have the audacity to blame on Israel), and the Arab oil embargo in 1973. Suddenly deciding to cast its lot with its (newly rich) "Arab brethren." Black Africa broke off relations with Israel and began voting as a block with the Arabs and against Israel at the U.N. At the same time, the West Europeans, who have always put money ahead...
...major problem was not exhaust from motor vehicles but a new and growing source of pollution: the acrid, stinging smoke from wood-stove fires. Ever since the mid-1970s, when the Arab oil embargo sent fuel prices skyrocketing, the people of Missoula and many other American communities have been seeking out alternative sources of heat, including wood stoves. In the past decade, wood burning has more than doubled across the country. The Department of Energy estimates that more than 20% of all households now burn wood for some or all of their heat. In Vermont, more heating is done with...