Word: embargos
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...crackdown was South Africa's most severe act of repression in many years, and it produced a worldwide outcry. After debating more sweeping measures, which were vetoed by the U.S. and its Western allies, the U.N. Security Council voted to impose a mandatory arms embargo on South Africa. For the immediate future, that embargo will have only a limited effect, since South Africa is virtually self-sufficient in arms production?but it was a clear signal that the U.N., and particularly the West, is determined to take a firmer line with South Africa from...
Vorster need not be too worried about he U.N.'s mandatory arms embargo. Eventually, the embargo could hurt South Africa by depriving it of sophisticated new weaponry and technology. But as of today, South Africa's 41,000-man army is one of the best trained and best equipped on the continent; 130,000 reserves can be mobilized against invasion?or insurrection?within 48 hours. The only real gaps in the country's arms production at present are helicopter technology and warships. Last week France announced that it was canceling delivery of two submarines and two missile-launching corvettes, even...
...have had much immediate effect. For example, South Africa reportedly has stockpiled a three-year supply of oil, it has the technology to produce more oil from its virtually unlimited cache of coal, and a friendly nation, Iran, is co-owner of South Africa's major refinery. An economic embargo would surely hurt some of South Africa's vulnerable trading partners, however, including Britain and a number of African states. South Africa now trades directly with twelve African nations and covertly with a dozen others...
...France all vetoed African efforts to impose economic sanctions against Pretoria-a step that would have caused real damage not only to South Africa but also to the Western powers and many smaller nations that trade with it. In the end, the African members settled for a permanent arms embargo. The Western members had wanted a six-month cutoff provision in the measure, to give the South Africans an inducement to ease up on apartheid and repression, but they decided to accept the permanent embargo. "This will assuage us," remarked Ghana's ambassador, Frank Boaten, "but only...
...Washington, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance announced that the U.S., which has observed the 1963 voluntary arms embargo, will extend that policy to cover all previously exempt police and military equipment, including spare parts and maintenance gear. In addition, said Vance, as evidence of "our national concern" over "the regrettable recent steps" taken by South Africa, the U.S. will withdraw the naval attache from its embassy in Pretoria and recall the commercial officer from its consulate in Johannesburg...