Word: embargos
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...expected, the U.N. Security Council voted 15 to 0 last week to impose a mandatory arms embargo on South Africa -the first time the U.N. has ever taken such action against a member nation. As U.N. resolutions go, this one seemed calculated to prove modestly effective. To be sure, it failed to create a defense crisis for South Africa, which is virtually self-sufficient in arms production. In fact, over the short run the U.N. vote may even have played into the hands of South African Prime Minister John Vorster, who is anxious to rack up a big majority...
...taking a 1963 voluntary arms embargo on South Africa and making it mandatory, the U.N.-and particularly its Western members-served notice on Pretoria that it strongly disapproved of the country's recent crackdown on black leaders and organizations and was prepared, from now on, to turn this disapproval into limited action. Said U.S. Ambassador Andrew Young: "We have just sent a very clear message to the government of South Africa...
...face of this increasingly evident intransigence, the Carter administration's response thus far has been overly cautious, if not to say timid. Although symbolically significant, the U.S. agreement in the United Nations last week to a mandatory embargo on all military sales to the Vorster regime does not substantially alter America's official posture, which for over a decade has been voluntary refusal to deal arms to South Africa. The U.S. decision, meanwhile, to use its Security Council veto to block proposals for equivalent embargoes on trade and investment suggests that the Carter administration still holds out hope for bringing...
Having opposed the mandatory investment embargo, the administration should now at least actively encourage major corporations that do business in South Africa to disinvest. More important, the U.S. should seek to expand its dialogue with black South African nationalists who are fighting for majority rule. For if this most recent crackdown only makes it appear more likely that the white minority and the black majority are headed for an all-out struggle for political power in South Africa--as even white South African liberals who favor peaceful reform now predict--the U.S. should be in a position to support...
...South Africa's economy has an Achilles' heel, it might be oil. But no international oil embargo against Pretoria could succeed without the cooperation of Iran, which supplies almost all of the country's crude. The Iranians have supported South Africa consistently -both for commercial reasons and, it is said, because the Shah is still grateful to the South Africans for having given sanctuary to his late father after he was deposed in 1941. In the meantime, work is proceeding on a huge, $2 billion oil-from-coal plant near Johannesburg that is expected to supply...