Word: embryologist
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Dolly is a carbon copy of her mother, grown from a cell taken from an adult ewe's mammary gland. The father, in a sense, is embryologist Ian Wilmut, who as a boy wanted to be a farmer but, after a summer of laboratory work, became enchanted by the magical progression of embryos from amorphous balls of cells into living entities of exquisite complexity. In the pursuit of the advancement of animal husbandry (and, by extension, human nutrition and health), he began experimenting with cloning at Scotland's Roslin Institute. His vision was the creation of genetically engineered farm animals...
Australian embryologist David Gardner and his colleagues at the Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine in Englewood have come up with a mixture that keeps cells growing in vitro for up to five days, making it much easier to pick out the strongest embryos. So instead of three or four or five embryos, doctors can implant one or two. The technique could be a standard practice by next spring...
Even if the basic scientific procedure of creating mammals from cells that are not embryonic can be easily mastered, the routine cloning of humans is still a long way off [SPECIAL REPORT, March 10]. Using the reproductive procedure that produced embryologist Ian Wilmut's lamb Dolly requires dozens of surrogate mothers. The work of Wilmut and his colleagues is a great step toward understanding important fundamental biological processes, and it does raise serious ethical issues, but don't belittle the scientific effort by calling it "easy." JENNI HARIKRISHNA Kuala Lumpur...
...paper published late last week in the journal Nature confirmed what the headlines had been screaming for days: researchers at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland, had indeed pulled off what many experts thought might be a scientific impossibility. From a cell in an adult ewe's mammary gland, embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues managed to create a frisky lamb named Dolly (with apologies to Ms. Parton), scoring an advance in reproductive technology as unsettling as it was startling. Unlike offspring produced in the usual fashion, Dolly does not merely take after her biological mother. She is a carbon...
...calves produced have weighed so much at birth that they have had to be delivered through caesarean section. Scientists aren't sure what causes this phenomenon, but they know that ranchers wouldn't appreciate the expense of having to deliver some calves with surgery. Says Carol Keefer, an embryologist at American Breeders Service: "There is so much to learn about cattle...