Word: embryos
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...These things are not like eureka moments. It's not like sitting in a bathtub, going yippee and jumping out. It took about a year. A year before Dolly, we made [the cloning process] work using embryo cells. Then we knew we would be able to clone from an udder cell. We didn?t know how soon, but we knew it was possible...
...mobilize Harvard’s considerable resources. The University is primed to become the life sciences epicenter of the world with planned facilities in Allston leading the way. Just this week, the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, formed under Summers’ leadership, announced its intention to trailblaze human embryo cloning research with the intention of creating disease- and patient-specific stem cell lines. With respect to globalization, Summers has helped effect considerable cultural change at Harvard. After years in which the conventional wisdom was that a semester spent away from Harvard was a lost semester, students have begun studying abroad...
...Harvard Stem Cell Institute, whose own son was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes, guiding his decision to focus his experiments on that disease first. He will take the donated eggs, remove their nuclei and replace them with skin cells taken from diabetic patients at Columbia University. The resulting embryo will generate stem cells that Melton's group will extract and hopefully coax into becoming pancreatic islet cells. These could then be injected into the patient to generate the insulin that they lack. If Melton can perfect the technique, it will ultimately allow patients to create their own, customized treatments from their...
...quite worked out how to regulate the creation of what are called chimeras, after the mythical creature that was part lion, part serpent, part goat. Canada last year passed a law that made it illegal to grow animal cells in a human embryo, or human cells in an animal embryo. Last spring the National Academy of Sciences was more lenient: it affirmed the potential research value of mixing human and animal cells, but drew the line at seeding any primates with human cells-at least for now-and urged that new experiments at least first be run past an expert...
Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from the mother as part of the egg's genetic contribution. Identical twins, for example, have the same nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, since they're produced when a single egg is fertilized and the resulting embryo splits in two. With a clone, the situation is different. Because the cloning process that Hwang says he used to create Snuppy involves two dogs--one for the nucleus and another for the egg--Snuppy's mitochondrial DNA should not match Tai's. That's what Rhee's scientists say they've found and what Hwang undoubtedly hopes...