Word: englished
(lookup in dictionary)
(lookup stats)
Dates: during 1960-1969
Sort By: most recent first
(reverse)
UNTIL the 17th century, Ulster was one of the most Gaelic provinces of Ireland. The charm of the land, with its soft glens and mist-hung mountains, its harpers, poets, cattle raids and mythic storytelling, powerfully attracted the English settlers in Dublin and the area around it known as the Pale. Though most of the chiefs of the north had made a token submission to the English Crown, they actually ruled with little outside interference...
...Donnell, rebelled against this effort, and their kerns and galloglasses (light- and heavy-armed infantry) won a succession of victories over the Earl of Essex, the Queen's favorite. The war dragged on for nearly a decade, and was climaxed by the Battle of Kinsale, at which the English defeated a combined force of Ulstermen and Spaniards...
...Crown confiscated the rich lands of the rebels and brought in a flood of Scotch and English settlers in the famous "plantation of Ulster" in 1608. The seaport of Derry was handed over to the city of London and renamed Londonderry. Yet 30 years later the Ulster Irish were still strong enough to launch another uprising, under Owen Roe O'Neill. It grew so serious that it finally required the fire-and-sword scourging of Ireland by Oliver Cromwell...
Before the Reformation, religion had hardly been a problem, since both the Irish and the English were Roman Catholics. After it, the Church of England maintained that its members were still Catholics but refused to recognize the authority of the Pope. Both church and Crown took a dim view of the Irish Catholics, who continued their allegiance to the Pope. Both also viewed with disfavor the Scotch-Irish Protestants, considering them dissidents from the Church of England. As a result, relations between the Irish Protestants and Catholics were often surprisingly good, since both felt oppressed by England...
...final chance for the Ulster Irish to rule their own land came in 1689 with the arrival in Ireland of James II, the Pretender to the English throne, which was then occupied by the Dutchman, William of Orange. Irish Catholics supplied Catholic James with fighting men, but their hopes were crushed in two battles. Spurred by antipopery, the Ulster Protestants rallied to William and successfully withstood a 3½-month Catholic siege of Londonderry. Later, at the famous Battle of the Boyne River, the Irish Catholics were on the brink of winning-until James II panicked and fled...