Word: epictetus
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...actually live as he desires. This is the position of Hobbes, for example, who views all laws as an infringement upon freedom. The second basic definition of freedom characterizes it as an acquired state of mind, and Adler dubs those who uphold it the self-perfectionists. Epictetus, who was once a slave but considered his spirit free, would fall under this category. The third position, which Adler calls the "natural freedom of self-determination." is defined as an individual's ability to determine for himself-though not necessarily to carry out-what he wishes to do or to become...
...There still are a few. * Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Galen, Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius, Nicomachus, Lucretius, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Virgil, Plutarch, Tacitus, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Plotinus, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Dante, Chaucer, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rabelais, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Gilbert, Galileo, Harvey, Cervantes, Francis Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Milton, Pascal, Newton, Huygens, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Swift, Sterne, Fielding, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Adam Smith, Gibbon, Kant, The Federalist (by Hamilton, Madison and Jay), J. S. Mill, Boswell, Lavoisier, Fourier, Faraday, Hegel, Goethe, Melville, Darwin, Marx, Engels, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, William James, Freud. Most controversial omissions: Luther, Calvin, Moliere, Voltaire, Dickens, Balzac, Einstein...