Word: epidemiologist
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...campaign to ban cigarette smoking in public places received a big boost last January when Epidemiologist Takeshi Hirayama of Japan's National Cancer Center published the results of a 14-year study of 265,000 Japanese. He found that nonsmoking wives of heavy smokers had a higher risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmoking women married to men who did not smoke...
...that conclusion is being challenged by an analysis of lung cancer deaths published last month in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Epidemiologist Lawrence Garfinkel of the American Cancer Society studied data collected over twelve years on 176,739 nonsmoking women and concluded that those wed to smokers did not run a greater risk of dying from lung cancer than those married to nonsmokers. Garfinkel notes, however, that neither his study nor Hirayama's provides "definitive information" on the effects of passive smoking. "Classifying nonsmoking women on the basis of the smoking habits of their husbands...
...more serious heart disease. One way to reduce stress is through regular exercise, which tones the body and increases the efficiency of the heart and lungs. The case for exercise was made persuasively by a 20-year study of 17,000 Harvard alumni, age 35 to 74, by Stanford Epidemiologist Ralph Paffenbarger. He found that men who made a lifetime habit of regular exercise (say, strenuous swimming or jogging three times a week) had about half as many heart attacks as those who were sedentary. Even smokers, overweight men and those with high blood pressure or family histories of heart...
...Epidemiologist Brian MacMahon and his team stumbled upon the association while studying the effects of smoking and alcohol in 369 patients with pancreatic cancer who had been admitted to eleven New England hospitals between 1974 and 1979. The patients were questioned in detail about their use of tobacco and alcohol and incidentally about their drinking of tea and coffee. Their answers were then compared with those obtained from a control group of 644 patients hospitalized for different forms of cancer and for some nonmalignant diseases as well...
Twenty years later, the scientists tracked down the participants. The main finding: those who had consumed large amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat suffered upwards of a third more deaths from heart disease than those who consumed relatively small amounts. Says Epidemiologist Richard Shekelle of Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's, author of the report in the New England Journal of Medicine: "If you look at the weight of the evidence over the years, then our study reinforces the conclusion that dietary cholesterol affects the level of cholesterol in the blood and increases the risk of heart disease...