Word: epo
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...believe it's time to have this ethics conversation. Why? For the most part, the ethical discussion is running ahead of reality, which is as should be. However, we already have alertness enhancers (caffeine, modafinil), athletic enhancers (steroids, EPO), sexual-performance enhancers (Viagra), immune enhancers (vaccinations) and concentration enhancers (Ritalin). One can expect improved versions of these to become available in the short term. In addition, memory enhancers are currently in clinical trials. Perhaps there will be compounds that facilitate trust - such as Oxytocin - and encourage pair bonding, or improved diet pills, or treatments that slow the rate of aging...
...detected at all because no good test has been developed for them. That includes growth factors. The most frequently used is at present IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1, which is not detected in urine or even blood tests. There are also some variants of human erythropoietin (EPO) and growth factor that cannot be easily identified. And there are now very short-lived androgenic steroids. Short-lived means that, after a day and a half, they are no longer detectable in the urine. And there are lyophilized proteolytic enzymes, which can be added to the urine during a test...
...Just four days after a spectacular win in the first major mountain stage of this year's Tour, the 24-year-old climbing specialist tested positive for the banned blood booster erythropoietin (EPO), French anti-doping agency officials told reporters. French police immediately took Riccò into custody, as the now familiar scene of chaos erupted, with photographers and name-calling fans swarming around his Saunier Duval team's yellow bus. The entire Spanish team subsequently pulled out of the competition before Thursday's start of stage...
...race more commercialized, champagne and nicotine gave way to more effective--and insidious--performance boosters. In 1967, British rider Tom Simpson died midrace after taking amphetamines, prompting the event to adopt drug-testing. In 1998 authorities disqualified the Festina team after finding the red blood cell--boosting drug EPO in their car. The winner of the 1996 race, Bjarne Riis, admitted in 2007 that he had used EPO, just months before Floyd Landis became the first Tour winner stripped of his title on charges of using synthetic testosterone in 2006. The Tour now tests athletes rigorously--stage winners are screened...
...just the latest blow to a sport that has had more than its share lately. First it was Tyler Hamilton, the Olympic winner in Athens, who suspended in 2005 for using illegal blood transfusions. Then came Roberto Heras, the 2005 Tour of Spain winner who tested positive for EPO (a substance that increases the number of red cells to expand the oxygen-carring capacity of the blood) later and was disqualified and banned for two years. Then Ivan Basso, the Italian who dominated the 2006 Giro de Italia and was expelled, along with two others, from this year's Tour...