Word: epo
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO) This is the drug under investigation at the Tour de France. EPO is a natural protein that stimulates production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Taken as a supplement, it loads the blood with red cells and delivers more oxygen, permitting greater endurance. The downside: excess red cells turn the blood gelatinous, forcing the heart to work harder. Some two dozen heart-attack deaths have reportedly been linked to EPO...
Experts say tiny amounts of testosterone applied in patches and via skin cream are difficult to detect but can measurably boost strength and speed in women. Moreover, reliable tests have yet to be developed for two popular performance-enhancing substances: human growth hormone and erythropoietin (EPO), which kicks up the oxygen level in the body. Human-growth- hormone doping is well known in the Netherlands, where Smith lives and trains: several cyclists have died from its complications in recent years...