Word: equality
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Still, the spirit behind the ERA has pervaded society. In recent years various successful statutory and judicial actions have advanced equal rights in situations in which the ERA might not apply. Women have been particularly heartened by a new flurry of Supreme Court decisions, most of them dealing with the workplace. Last March the court gave affirmative action a significant boost when it upheld the promotion of a woman over a marginally more qualified male employee in California. Two months earlier the court ruled that a state may require employers to guarantee job reinstatement to women returning from maternity leaves...
...about to take the witness stand as an intervening plaintiff in the very same case, charging that the public schools of Topeka had still not purged themselves of segregation despite the Supreme Court's ringing 1954 decree: "In the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place...
Madison scanned Sherman's pockmarked face looking for an opening. "But Roger," he pleaded, "I thought you were working on a compromise. Some arrangement where the small states would have equal footing in the upper chamber of the legislature." Sherman shook his gray head sadly. "Yeah, James, I tried. But I'm old enough to know that politics is the art of the possible. There are just too many pressure groups, too many cameras, too much openness, too much damn democracy to make this thing work." Madison started to object, but Sherman cut him off. "Cheer up, James," he said...
...recognition by the FCC that broadcasters have special obligations. Because stations are licensed by the Government and use a scarce public resource -- the electromagnetic spectrum -- the Government, it was reasoned, has the power to require that they use that resource in the public interest. Other such obligations include the equal-time rule (which ensures the same treatment for all candidates running for public office) and the personal-attack rule (which guarantees that people attacked on the air have an opportunity to reply...
...received 19,565 fairness complaints. But it pursued only 18 of them with the station involved, and ruled that there was a violation in just one case. Andrew Schwartzman, executive director of the Washington-based Media Access Project, points out that the fairness doctrine does not require "equal time," only that "reasonable" coverage be given to different views. "It is an incentive to do more, not less," he says...