Word: eras
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Before the missionary era, the only Christianized black nation was Ethiopia, whose austere art style remained largely unchanged since the Middle Ages. When the first missionaries arrived in other parts of Africa in the 15th century, they sought to stamp out tribal religions and with them idols, ceremonial masks and ancestral images. The artistic tug-of-war intensified during the 19th century as the number of Christian missions mushroomed...
...latter-day art boom was fostered by Roman Catholic missionaries. Among them were Brother Marc-Stanislas Wallenda from Belgium, who founded Kinshasa's Academy of Fine Arts in 1943, and Father Kevin Carroll of Ireland, who in the same era came to work among Nigerian craftsmen. Most white missionary bishops back then, Carroll recalls, "thought we were wasting time." Political independence and the increase of black clergy accelerated the process that European Christians call adaptation or inculturation, meaning the incorporation of local culture into Christianity. Today Nigeria has Africa's largest corps of artists and artisans, and Zaire probably boasts...
Henderson is an attractive, birdlike woman, small-boned, with coppery hair tufted up at the sides. She has been helping people look better since that dim era (the 1970s) when only politicians and models had images to worry about. Henderson started out in England, where she "did her postgraduate work in movement and body language" and worked in modeling. When she married an Atlanta physician and came to this country, she discovered the thriving all- American business of image consulting for ordinary people. It struck Henderson that all the signals about class, education and authority conveyed by speech in England...
...dimensions of the inspection effort are daunting, and have been made even more so by the budget slashes of the Reagan era. The FDA, for example, can assign only 910 staff members -- in contrast to 1,105 in 1977 -- to monitor food, including imports. Some foreign growers easily circumvent the process; produce from Mexico is often trundled across the border at Nogales, Ariz., on the inspector's day off. And the USDA last year fielded only 7,000 inspectors -- down from 10,000 eight years ago -- to examine the carcasses of nearly 120 million cows, pigs and horses...
...most of what the West can realistically do is smaller in scope and largely aimed at nudging the bloc toward market economies. The U.S. is prepared to help, but not with money. "It would be hard to move legislatively," said a top presidential aide, in an era of tight budgets. But, he added, "if they make the kind of changes they ought to make," the Administration would back Poland and Hungary with the International Monetary Fund, support extending trade waivers, increase high-level contacts and boost exchange programs. Ambassador Palmer recommends joint ventures and small loans directed to specific projects...