Word: eritrea
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...Reinforced by huge supplies of Soviet equipment, they helped the unstable Marxist junta in Addis Ababa drive Somali insurgents out of Ethiopia's Ogaden desert region. Now the Ethiopians, with the reluctant help of their 17,000 Cuban guests, are attacking secessionists in the northern province of Eritrea, where a brushfire war has been smoldering for some 15 years. All told, Cuba now has 43,000 troops on duty in at least 14 African nations...
...record of Soviet efforts to influence Africa includes a number of expulsions and humiliations?in Ghana, Sudan and most recently Somalia, for example. In the Horn of Africa they acquired considerable political capital by helping the Ethiopians drive the Somali insurgents out of the Ogaden. But the war in Eritrea is a different matter. The province's secessionist movement, in the eyes of many nonaligned and radical Arab states, is absolutely legitimate, since Eritrea was unilaterally incorporated into Ethiopia by the late Emperor Haile Selassie in 1967. Both the Soviets and, particularly, the Cubans are doing their best to keep...
Even as the President felt hampered in his authority to conduct foreign policy, he confronted a series of new challenges last week. In Ethiopia, government forces, backed by Cuban troops, opened an offensive against secessionists in Eritrea. In pro-U.S. Zaïre, leftist rebels based in Angola stormed into the copper-rich province of Shaba. At breakfast with congressional leaders, Carter fumed specifically about his "frustration at having his hands tied" by the 1975 law restricting U.S. intervention in Angola...
...Somali threat also prompted Haile Selassie's Ethiopian government to tighten its control over the self-proclaimed separatists in Eritrea--the half-Moslem, half-Christian province that is Ethiopia's only outlet to the Red Sea. With the U.S. refusal to supply arms to them in 1963, the Somalis accepted Soviet MIG's, artillery weapons and armed personnel carriers in exchange for Soviet rights to the port of Berbera. This led Kenya and Ethiopia--already friendly to the U.S.--to ask for a step up of arms shipments to them. The U.S. subsequently supplied both with obsolete Pentagon reject weapons...
...Democratic anti-monarchists, fearing the further spread of Arab influence and ever aware of the importance of maintaining an open seaway from the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, the Israelis sent police-military advisers to Ethiopia to combat the Moslem independence group in Eritrea. At the same time the rebel Eritreans received support from Egypt, Syria and Iraq. The backward empire of Iran. however, susceptible to Soviet influence and a possible overthrow by insurgent Marxists, established diplomatic relations in Addis Ababa. The Shah kept the oil running to Israel while encouraging the Kurds in Iraq--actions...