Word: ernsting
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...arts. Leader of the small founding group was Sir Roland Penrose, now 67, a minor surrealist painter in his own right and longtime friend of Critic Sir Herbert Read and Sculptor Henry Moore. Under Penrose, ICA pioneered in giving major shows to artists from abroad, including Picasso, Max Ernst, Le Corbusier and Dubuffet. For artists at home, it served as both sounding board and workshop, provided a setting for painters as dissimilar as Francis Bacon and Ben Nicholson. In the '50s, it presided over the birth of British...
Prophetic Approaches. In the long run, the other technique of "automatist" surrealism proved more revolutionary and durable. As practiced by Joan Miro, André Masson, Max Ernst and Roberto Matta, automatism relied on the unconscious to direct the pen, pencil, brush or tube of glue. "Rather than setting out to paint something," said Miró, "I begin, and as I paint, the picture begins to assert itself." Landscape with Rooster, one of a dozen outsize, uninhibited Mirós on display, illustrates the antic, fanciful contours that result...
Shoes & Sugar. Long before the "Harlem Renaissance" of the '20s Negroes had poets and writers, while black doctors, scientists and inventors made important contributions to post-Civil War technological advances. Jan Ernst Matzeliger, a native of Dutch Guiana, laid the foundations of the shoe in dustry with his shoe-lasting machine, Norbert Rillieux greatly lowered the price of sugar with a new refining technique, and Garrett Morgan introduced a number of life-saving devices, not least of which was the traffic signal. George Washington Carver, of course, transformed Southern agriculture by discovering scores of new uses-from peanut butter...
Such stories plague the careers of our greatest film-makers, including King Vidor, Howard Hawks, John Ford, Ernst Lubitsch, and Frank Borzage, as well as stars like Gloria Swanson, Rudolf Valentino, Douglas Fairbanks, Lon Chaney Sr., and even W. C. Fields, one of whose two films directed by D. W. Griffith is lost...
What gives his music its special character is its aura of the fantastic and diabolical. Lees himself traces his fond ness for surprise and mysterious change of mood to the Dadaists and to surrealists like Duchamp, Max Ernst and Man Ray, whose works he got to know during his days in Paris from 1954 to 1962. "Surrealism is representational but in a disturbing way," says Lees. "It reminds you of a dream. This is the element I have tried to transform into music...