Word: erringly
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...Asian women, as well as black women in the U.S. and Africa, are at higher risk of developing a more aggressive form of breast cancer known as estrogen-receptor negative, or ER-negative. That illness strikes an average of 10 years earlier than the other variety and is indifferent to drugs that block estrogen since it isn't fed by estrogen in the first place. Worse, research findings released in June 2006 showed that 40% of premenopausal African-American breast-cancer patients have an even more dangerous form of ER-negative cancer called the basal-like subtype, resistant not only...
...relatively early age of Asian breast-cancer patients and because hereditary cancers disproportionately occur in young women, "a high proportion of breast cancer cases in the East may be attributable to BRCA1 and BRCA2." More worrisome, some studies show that more than 96% of BRCA mutation carriers have ER-negative cancers...
...less moving we do. Research released in February by the University of Southern California showed that among a sample group of 110,599 people, women who engaged in strenuous activity five hours a week had, over the long term, a 20% lower risk of invasive breast cancer, particularly ER-negative tumors. Doctors aren't certain about the precise mechanism at work, but the leaner body mass an active woman is likely to have and the healthier diet she is likely to follow can't hurt...
...Chemotherapy decisions are similarly dictated by pocketbook considerations. The greater likelihood of ER-negative breast cancer in Africans and Asians means that such drugs as the estrogen blockers are not on the menu of pharmaceutical options. That rules out one of the cheapest and most available breast-cancer drugs in Africa: a $150-a-dose generic version of tamoxifen (and even that would be far too expensive for many women). Traditional chemotherapy may cost $20,000 or more. Merely determining which type of cancer a woman has may require genetic testing, which can add an additional...
DEFINITION the de-cid-er n. The person possessing final...