Word: eshkol
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Progressive leaders met with Premier Levi Eshkol, petitioned the government to grant Reform Judaism wider legal status in Israel, demanding that 1) Reform rabbis be permitted to officiate at weddings and funerals, 2) conversions to Judaism carried out by Reform rabbis be legally recognized, and 3) the government provide financial aid to Reform groups, as it does to Orthodox congregations...
Some have denounced the anniversary events, fearing that they will create added tension. For Israel to go through with the parade, said U.N. Secretary-General U Thant, "could well have an adverse effect" on peace efforts in the Middle East. But the government of Premier Levi Eshkol sees the parade as a means of keeping alive the patriotic fervor of last summer. Most of the people approach the anniversary in a mood of elation and with a new sense of security born of their enlarged borders. But they also seem to suffer anxiety over the fact that nothing has really...
...Eshkol's cabinet, meantime, is divided over how much of the occupied territory it will be willing to bargain over in any negotiations, some wanting to return none at all and others willing to give part; nobody wants to give it all back. The results of a poll by Israel's Dachaf agency last week show that an overwhelming 87% approve the government's policy of refusing to give back any territory until the Arabs agree to direct talks with Israel. Surprisingly, 78% are willing to give back one or more pieces once negotiations begin...
...also involves the onerous duty of governing 1,300,000 more Arabs who inhabit conquered territories that are together three times the size of Israel itself. The burden of the occupation has compounded older problems. Many younger politicians are losing patience with the pioneer generation of leaders typified by Eshkol. Men like Dayan's aide, Knesset Member Simon Peres, describe them as "a self-perpetuating oligarchy with a powerful sense of self-pity." Despite its recovery, the economy has serious weaknesses, among them its dependence upon the generosity of Jews abroad and its large trade deficit. Defense expenditures have...
When he called in 50 businessmen for an economic conference soon after the war, Eshkol got a brutal diagnosis of the country's ills. They complained that exports were hopelessly hobbled by high taxes, government meddling and Israel's undisciplined labor force. More serious, they said, was the fact that Israel could never hope to attract more than sentimental investment in its private sector while its socialist system encouraged control of 24% of the nation's overall production by Histadrut, the nationwide labor confederation, and government ownership of such key industries as aircraft and mining...